Saturday 17 March 2012

Types of Resistor

Resistors in ordinary use may be broadly sub-divided in to the following categories
(a) Ware wound resistor (b) compressed carbon resistors (c)carbon film resistors.This type of resistor are fixed    value can not change the value,but we can use the another type of resister is called variable resistor
The variable resistor perform 0 ohm to fixed value.For example on variable resistor value is 200 ohm we can change 0,1 ohm,2.......200 ohm.

variable Resistor
 

The variable resistor can change current and voltage depend on the connection.
The variable resistor we can use two way.
1. Rheostat.
2. potentiometer  or post.




Rheostat-Two terminals are used: one connected to an end of the track, the other to the moveable wiper. Turning the spindle changes the resistance between the two terminals from zero up to the maximum resistance.Rheostats are often used to vary current, for example to control the brightness of a lamp or the rate at which a capacitor charges.






Potentiometer- Variable resistors used as potentiometer have all three terminals connected.
This arrangement is normally used to vary voltage, for example to set the switching point of a circuit with a sensor, or control the volume (Loudness) in an amplifier circuit. If the terminals at the ends of the track are connected across the power supply then the wiper terminal will provide a voltage which can be varied from zero up to the maximum of the supply


And Another is the Preset-These are miniature versions of the standard variable resistor. They are designed to be mounted directly onto the circuit board and adjusted only when the circuit is built. For example to set the frequency of an alarm tone or the sensitivity of a light-sensitive circuit. A small screwdriver or similar tool is required to adjust presets.



                                                                              Thanks to all

Thursday 15 March 2012

Resistor in parallel and series connection

Resistance in series 
A battery of 4.6 volt having negligible internal resistance is joined to a number of wires of  resistances 4,6,9 ohms, all connected in series. 
                                                                                                   
The Equivalent resistance =4+6+9=19Ω  


We know that V=IR or I=V/R
There fore current through the circuit =4.6/19=0.242 amp



Resistance in parallel
Four resistance of values 4,8,10 and 40 ohms respectively are joined  in parallel and current of 40 amperes is led into them.




I/R=1/4+1/8+1/10+1/40
=10+5+4+1/40=20/40=1/2
Therefore the equivalent resistance R=2 ohms
We know that V=I*R=40*2=80 volts.




Therefore, current pass through 4Ω resistance =V/R=80/4=20 amps.
                                                          8Ω resistance=80/8=10 amps.
                                                          10Ω resistance=80/10=8 amps. 
                                                          40Ω resistance=80/40=2amps.


parallel
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                      
                                                                                                             




series
                                                                                                   
                                                                                                   













Tuesday 13 March 2012

Resistance Value easy to calculate by color code



First we know that ohm's law .it important for calculate the current ,volt And resistance. 
Ohm's law ohm observed that the current flowing through a conductor at uniform temperature propositional to the potential difference at the ends of the conductor.


If v=1 volt, I=1 Ampere then  R=1ohm


A conductor is said to have unit resistance (1ohm) if it permits a current of 1ampere to pass through the maintaining a difference of potential of 1 volt.
                                                                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
1ohm=   1 volt/1 Ampere                                                                                                                                                             
ohm is represented by symbol (Ω)                                                                                                              
Multiple & sub-multiple of ohm                                                                                                                    
1000 ohm= 1 kilo ohm(kΩ)                                                                                                                          
1000000 ohm=1 mega ohm(MΩ)                                                                                                                  
similarly                                                                                                                                                          
            1 ohm=1000 Millie ohm(mΩ)                                                                                                                     
             1ohm=1000000 Micro ohm(uΩ)                                                                                                           
We know that from the ohm's law                                                                                                                     
I =current, V=volt, R =Resistance    I=V/R , V=IR, R=V/I so we can easy to calculate the voltage ,current and resistance.


For remember the color code very easy In Following some word


B-B-ROY Good Boy Very Good Worker

B=Black   
B=Brown
R=Red
O=Orange
Y=Yellow
G=Green
B=Blue
V=Violet 
G=Gray
W=Whit

G=Gold
S=Silver


resistor color code table
Color
1st digit
2nd digit
3rd digit*
Multiplier
Tolerance
Temp. Coef.
Fail Rate
Black
0
0
0
×100



Brown
1
1
1
×101
±1% (F)
100 ppm/K
1%
Red
2
2
2
×102
±2% (G)
50 ppm/K
0.1%
Orange
3
3
3
×103

15 ppm/K
0.01%
Yellow
4
4
4
×104

25 ppm/K
0.001%
Green
5
5
5
×105
±0.5% (D)


Blue
6
6
6
×106
±0.25%(C)


Violet
7
7
7
×107
±0.1% (B)


Gray
8
8
8
×108
±0.05% (A)


White
9
9
9
×109



Gold



×0.1
±5% (J)


Silver



×0.01
±10% (K)


None




±20% (M)



3rd digit - only for 5-band resistors

Tolerance It means either  increase or decrease  the resistance value.For Example 
±5% There fore the color code value 2200 ohm that 5% increase or decrease In this value And then we got  actual value.2200 ohm and the 5% tolerance=110 .So this resistance value either 2090 or 2310.


Five Band
 Brown, Black, Black, Red, with a Brown tolerance band: 100 x 100 = 10000 ohms (10.0K), with a tolerance of 1%



                                                                                                            
Blue, Brown, white, Brown, Red tolerance band: 619 x 10 = 6190 ohms (6.19K ohms), with a tolerance of 2%                                                                                                              
                                                                                                             
                                                                                                             
 Four Band                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
Green, Blue, Red, with Silver tolerance band: 56 x 100 = 5.6 k ohms, with a tolerance of 10%        






   Brown, black, orange, gold tolerance band: 10 x 1000 = 10000 ohms (or 10K ohms), with a tolerance of 5%                                                                                                
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                     
                                                                                                             
   Another Example                                                                                                          

Yellow  Violet  Red =  4  7  2 =  4  7 x 102 = 4700Ω or 4k7.



                                                                                                                 Thanks to all




Monday 12 March 2012

Electronics basic knowledge

  Electronics component


Digital Multimeter
















Circuit symbols



















List of Conductors                                  Insulators                   semi-conductor


     silver                                                      glass                               silicon   
     copper                                                   rubber                             germanium        
     gold                                                       oil                                     selenium
     aluminum                                              asphalt
     iron                                                        fiberglass                         
     steel                                                      porcelain
     brass                                                    ceramic
     bronze                                                  quartz
     mercury                                                cotton
     graphite                                                paper                         
     dirty water                                             wood                                         
     concrete                                                plastic

Type of current   conduction current,convection current,Displacement current  Direct                                    and Alternating current (AC) .mainly we use two type of current.
1.Direct current  A direct current is on wherein there is a steady rate of flow of electron in the same direction.
DC current 



                                     






Alternating current It is one in which the current continuously changes from zero to positive maximum and for same length of time the current undergoes the same changes in the opposite direction.

AC current












Electronic field  It is found that the medium around a charge is always under stress and that a force acts on a positive or negative charge when place in that medium .if the charge is sufficiently large then it may create such a huge stress as to cause the mechanical rupture of the medium .

Electronics field
Field

Thanks to all